What is the parainfluenza virus infection?
Parainfluenza virus infection in dogs, also known simply as canine parainfluenza, is a highly contagious respiratory virus. It primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to symptoms that can range from mild to severe. This virus is one of the leading causes of kennel cough, a complex respiratory infection often seen in dogs that are frequently in close contact with others, such as in kennels, dog parks, or grooming facilities.
What are the symptoms of parainfluenza in dogs?
The symptoms of canine parainfluenza virus infections are listed below. The severity or intensity of these symptoms may vary depending on the age of the infected dog and the host's immune system:
- Coughing - This can be either a dry cough or moist and productive (can include blood)
- Low-grade fever
- Discharge from the nose - This can be mucus, pus, or even blood
- Decreased energy
- Decreased appetite
Note that the virus can be a component of other canine respiratory diseases, most notably kennel cough, bordetella, and canine adenovirus-2.
What causes parainfluenza in dogs?
Parainfluenza virus infection is caused by the canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), a paramyxovirus type. The virus spreads through respiratory secretions, such as saliva and nasal discharge. It can be transmitted directly with an infected dog or via contaminated surfaces, like food bowls or bedding. Crowded conditions and stress can increase the risk of transmission.
How is parainfluenza diagnosed?
Please make sure to provide a detailed history of your pet. The parainfluenza virus can quickly spread in boarding kennels, grooming salons, and other places where many dogs gather. It's important to provide information about your pet's whereabouts within two to four weeks of the first symptoms.
You will need to provide your pet's health and vaccination history. Any contact with other dogs could contribute to the infection, so please provide as much detail as possible.
The vet will conduct a physical examination and may perform diagnostics such as blood tests, cultures, and testing of fluid and tissue samples. Imaging techniques like X-rays may also identify any masses or parasitic involvement. Once all the test results are analyzed, a treatment plan will be developed and implemented.
How do you treat parainfluenza in dogs?
Your vet is unlikely to recommend hospitalization because the virus is highly contagious to other canines unless the situation is dire. Instead of hospitalization, your veterinarian may make management recommendations, which will most likely include the following:
- Recommendations for healthy eating, hygiene, and nursing care
- Recommendations for corrective action for any environmental factors suspected of being contributors
- Cough suppressants containing codeine derivatives should be used only for long-term, ineffective cough relief.
- Severe chronic cases may necessitate antibiotics such as cephalosporins, quinolones, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline; the appropriate antibiotic medication will most likely be chosen based on the results of the cultures taken and analyzed.
- Some treatment options may include bronchodilator pretreatment followed by aerosolization treatments.
Benefits of Vaccination for Parainfluenza
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent parainfluenza in dogs. The parainfluenza dog vaccine is typically included in the combination vaccine known as DHPP or DA2PP, which also protects against distemper, adenovirus, and parvovirus. The benefits of vaccination include:
- Reduces the risk of the dog contracting parainfluenza.
- The symptoms are often milder, even if a vaccinated dog contracts the virus.
- Vaccinating your dog helps prevent the spread of the virus to other dogs, especially in communal settings.
Vaccine Risks and Side Effects
While the parainfluenza dog vaccine is generally safe, there are some potential risks and side effects, though they are typically mild. Common side effects may include:
- There is a slight increase in body temperature for a day or two.
- Some dogs may be less active after vaccination.
- Slight swelling or tenderness at the injection site.
More severe reactions, such as allergic responses, can occur in rare cases. It is essential to monitor your dog after vaccination and consult your veterinarian if you notice any unusual signs.
Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.